Ontem, na sala de embarque, do Aeroporto Juscelino Kubitschek, em Brasília, enquanto aguardava meu vôo para São Luís, às 23:00h, mantive um bate-papo com a educadora Carla Carvalho, que aguardava seu vôo para Campo Grande-MS.
Colégio Dom Pedro II (RJ)
Conversamos sobre o quanto a lei 5692/71, que introduziu a linha pedagógica tecnicista (criação do Exército Americano) na educação brasileira, os seus males para evolução do ensino/aprendizagem crítico questionador, na formação dos professores e, principalmente, pela degradação das escolas pública de referência no Brasil, como a Dom Pedro II (RJ), Elefante Branco, Caseb, Escola Parque e Gisno (DF), o Liceu maranhense, o de Mato Grosso e de outros estados da federação.
Ficou claro para nós que discutir o cenário educativo contemporâneo é um desafio que ainda se encontra nas linhas de um ensaio ou esforço intelectual que em sua maioria encontram-se tão alienados pelos pormenores que dificultam a compreensão do fenômeno em sua dinâmica mais ampla e complexa.
Para Carla, a educação pública atual tem que trilhar num caminho mais aprofundado na compreensão das dinâmicas de inclusão e exclusão existente durante todo o processo de ensino e aprendizagem inserindo-as em um contexto histórico, político e social amplo compreendendo a escola como um espaço social indissociável de seu contexto histórico e que, portanto encontra-se sensível a mudanças e postulações destas esferas externas cotidianamente.
No bate-papo, disse a ela que os males da educação brasileira atual ainda são reflexo da lei 5692/71, como não conseguir deixar essa linha pedagógica de lado, onde os professores preparam suas aulas expositivas e não dialogadas, tirando, com isso, o questionamento crítico do aluno; na avaliação altamente tecnicista, cuja resposta já vem pronta do professor, ou seja, as provas objetivas, “Falso ou Verdadeiro”, ligar a primeira coluna de acordo com a segunda” – avaliações essas ainda utilizadas em vestibulares e concursos públicos; o terceiro é a formação continuada do professor, que não conseguem estimular o aluno a encontrar meios para aprender, pois tem em mente que numa sala de aula exista uma hegemonia na aprendizagem, quanto a verdade é outra, pois a heterogeniedade faz parte do cotidiano dos seres humanos. Numa sala de aula com 40 alunos, nem todos assimilam as práticas utilizadas pelo professor. Carla, por sua vez, disse que em Campo Grande a coisa funciona desse jeito, mas que o serviço público não dar chances para que esse quadro modifique.
Na verdade, para resgatar a educação pública brasileira, que foi destruída pelo Regime Militar e que ainda não houve melhoras acentuadas, é preciso reformular, (re) conceituar e instituir novas formas interpretativas dos elementos que compõem a dinâmica de ensino – aprendizagem tem sido recentemente, um desafio importantíssimo para os estudiosos da educação. O momento é de reflexão não somente das práticas pedagógicas em si, mas também do próprio papel da escola imersa e atuante na sociedade contemporânea.
Repensar significa resgatar em certo e bom tom pouco do muito dessa trajetória em solo nacional, aliás, repensar a especificidade, tem se constituído, um desafio muito maior do que se imaginava.
No meio acadêmico o resgate de teorias como a de Vygotsky tem demonstrado a preocupação emergente em compreender o espaço escolar como produto das relações e embates sociais, políticos e econômico externo á ele e aqui no Brasil o desafio tem se mostrado mais difícil do que se pensava.
Em minha opinião, a escola está divorciada do ambiente, neutra diante dos problemas sociais e dos dilemas morais dos homens, principalmente com a falta de disciplinas que retiraram do currículo escolar sem nenhuma justificativa plausível.
Por outro lado, sabe-se que o papel do professor é determinante para o sucesso do ensino/aprendizagem. Contudo, vale ressaltar que a situação atual da carreira docente encontra-se cheia de problemas, que vão das questões salariais a sua formação acadêmica, pois não conseguem se adaptarem as diversas realidades em seu cotidiano docente, principalmente o seu empenho em aprender a aprender ensinar.
A partir dai o aluno tende a regredir, haja vista que depende do professor em mediar o aprendizado, dando a atenção necessária a estes alunos para que continuem avançando.
É preciso que a presidenta da República Dilma e os governadores passem a observar que existem educadores ultrapassados no comando e que já se perderam no tempo, principalmente aqueles que ainda acham que o tecnicismo ainda é um bom mecanismo de ensino/aprendizagem, quando na verdade eles já não servem de parâmetros, talvez porque não conseguem entender que não vivem mais num regime militar e sim numa democracia.
Os educadores mais novos, por sua vez, não podem transformar a escola num lugar de luta partidária política e nem tampouco induzir ninguém aos seguimentos preferenciais. Educação se faz mostrando todos os pensamentos científicos existentes, sem que o docente seja um estimulador para que o aluno siga sua linha de pensamento, coisa antiética e imoral para uma consolidação de uma democracia, como o questionamento crítico, o livre arbítrio e o direito de escolha.
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